Wang, H., Yang, H., Shivalila, C.S., Dawlaty, M.M., Cheng, A.W., Zhang, F. CRISPR-Cas9 system: A new-fangled dawn in gene editing. Gupta, D., Bhattacharjee, O., Mandal, D., Sen, M.K., Dey, D., Dasgupta, A., Kazi, T.A., Gupta, R., Sinharoy, S., Acharya, K., Chattopadhyay, D., Ravichandiran, V., Roy, S. Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology, 5(4), 269-276. Expanding application of CRISPR-Cas9 system in microorganisms. Potential pitfalls of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The Journal of Gene Medicine, 21(4), e3082. Creating cell and animal models of human disease by genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Keywords: CRISPR-Cas9 CRISPR-Cas9 applications genome editing technique site-specific genome editing tool therapeutic intervention However, its limitations should be further studied in order to reap its greatest benefits. CRISPR-Cas9 has accelerated medical studies and facillitate the collection of vast amounts of information. In addition, we also discuss the limitations associated with CRISPR-Cas9 application. In this present review, we discuss the background of CRISPR-Cas9, its mechanisms of genome modification and its applications in the medical field including its use in the study of animal model production, genetics, multifactorial and complex diseases. The purposes of this review are to perform a comprehensive literature search of publications on the CRISPR-Cas9 system and to highlight potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in the field of medical sciences. Despite the promising potentials and applications of CRISPR-Cas9, there are several aspects that need to be addressed including the method of delivery, off-target cutting and ethical issues in human germline modification. Its application extends into various fields including the health sciences where it has been used to enhance the understanding of pathogenesis and help in therapeutic intervention. Since its discovery, CRISPR-Cas9 has received vast attention due to its simplicity, convenience, and superior precision of use. CRISPR-Cas9 consists of two essential key players a programmable RNA called single guide RNA (sgRNA) and the Cas9 protein which functions as a molecular scissors that does the cutting. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat paired associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) is a site-specific genome editing tool that enables scientists to edit or introduce genetic mutation at will.

Palindromic repeats crispr